茶葉在海外。由于新冠疫情持續(xù)打亂供應(yīng)，全球茶葉出口量下降。
Tea on its way overseas. Tea export volumes are down as the pandemic continues to disrupt supply.
到2021年春季，全球茶葉出口并未抵消2020年的頹勢(shì)，彼時(shí)全球茶葉銷售額下降至71億美元，與2019年相比下降了8.6%。
Global tea exports through the spring months of 2021 had not offset setbacks in 2020 when tea sales from all countries declined to $7.1 billion, a shortfall of -8.6% compared to 2019.
中國(guó)保持其主導(dǎo)地位，2020年占全球茶葉出口總額的 28.7%，銷售額超過(guò)20億美元，幾乎是肯尼亞11億美元出口收入的兩倍。
China retains its dominance, earning a 28.7% share of tea export value globally in 2020 with more than $2 billion in sales, nearly double Kenya’s $1.1 billion export earnings.
斯里蘭卡的茶葉出口額為7.12億美元，雖然有所下降，但遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)領(lǐng)先于印度，印度在2020年茶葉出口急劇下降。據(jù)印度茶葉委員會(huì)稱，受疫情的重創(chuàng)，印度估計(jì)有110萬(wàn)人死亡，印度在2020年從茶葉出口中賺取了6.92億美元，2021年的銷量可能會(huì)大幅下降。
Sri Lanka’s tea exports were valued at $712 million, which is down but well ahead of India, which experienced sharp declines through 2020. Hard-hit by the pandemic with an estimated 1.1 million deaths, India’s tea industry earned $692 million from tea exports in 2020 and is likely to see a significantly greater decline in volume in 2021, according to the Tea Board of India.
印度茶葉委員會(huì)稱，2020年印度茶葉出口量為2.08億公斤，預(yù)計(jì)2021年將下降15%。2021年1月至3月，茶葉出口量相比2020年同期下降13%，比2019年下降29%。到3月，印度茶葉總產(chǎn)量為4600萬(wàn)公斤，2020年同期產(chǎn)量為5300萬(wàn)公斤。2021印度全年茶葉出口可能下降 3000至4000萬(wàn)公斤。
The board estimated Indian exports would decline 15% from the 208 million kilos exported in 2020. January through March, exports declined 13% compared to 2020 and were down by 29% compared to 2019. Total production stands at 46 million kilos through March, compared to 53 million kilos during the same period in 2020. Exports may decline by 30 to 40 million kilos for the year.
根據(jù)World’s Top Exports數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2020年波蘭的茶葉出口額為2.645億美元，成為茶葉出口額前五國(guó)家之一，超過(guò)了排名第6的德國(guó)和排名第9的英國(guó)。分析師 Daniel Workman 寫(xiě)道，在茶葉出口大國(guó)中，“2019年至2020年出口額增長(zhǎng)最快的是荷蘭(增長(zhǎng)22%)、日本(增長(zhǎng)12.5%)、印度尼西亞(增長(zhǎng)4.3%)和波蘭(增長(zhǎng)3.6%)?！?/p>
Poland earned $264.5 million in sales to emerge as one of the top five exporters by value, surpassing Germany, which ranked 6th, and the UK, which ranked 9th according to World’s Top Exports. Analyst Daniel Workman writes that among the top exporters, "the fastest growing tea exporters from 2019 to 2020 were The Netherland (up 22%), Japan (up 12.5%), Indonesia (up 4.3%), and Poland, up 3.6% by value."
“茶葉出口額下降幅度最大的國(guó)家包括越南(下降43.9%)、阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長(zhǎng)國(guó)(下降40.9%)、美國(guó)(下降20.6%)和斯里蘭卡(下降18.3%)?！?/p>
Countries with the greatest decline in tea exports by value include Vietnam (down -43.9%), United Arab Emirates (down -40.9%), the US (down -20.6%) and Sri Lanka, down -18.3%, writes Workman.
“按額度計(jì)算，2020年前5個(gè)茶葉出口國(guó)總體占世界茶葉出口的67.7%，而前15名茶葉出口國(guó)約占全球出口的85.9%?！?/p>
“By value, the top five exporters generate more than 67.7% of exports and the 15 top tea exporting countries shipped 85.9% of global exports in 2020,” writes Workman.
中國(guó)茶葉出口
Chinese Tea Exports
2020年中國(guó)有良好的茶葉出口機(jī)會(huì)。海關(guān)總署報(bào)告稱，2020 年中國(guó)向71個(gè)“一帶一路”沿線國(guó)家銷售了15.8萬(wàn)噸茶葉，茶葉價(jià)值8.82億美元。這其中，排名前五的國(guó)家是摩洛哥、烏茲別克斯坦、俄羅斯、阿富汗和泰國(guó)。
Last year presented surprisingly good export opportunities for China. The General Administration of Customs reported China sold 158,000 metric tons of tea to 71 belt and road countries in 2020. The tea was valued at $882 million. The top five destinations are Morocco, Uzbekistan, Russia, Afghanistan, and Thailand.
根據(jù)中國(guó)茶葉流通協(xié)會(huì)的數(shù)據(jù)，與2020年春季相比，2021年前幾個(gè)月綠茶和紅茶的總出口量均有所下降。
Total exports are down in both green and black tea categories during the first months of 2021 compared to spring 2020, according to CTMA.
“2021年1-5月，中國(guó)茶葉累計(jì)出口量為13.57萬(wàn)噸，同比下降5.8%。出口額為 7.88 億美元，同比增長(zhǎng) 0.71%。5月份出口均價(jià)同比上漲15%，增至6.41美元。1月至5月的出口均價(jià)為每公斤5.80美元，比去年同期上漲7%?！?/p>
“From January to May of 2021, China’s cumulative export volume of tea was 135,700 metric tons, a year-on-year decrease of 5.8%. The export value was $788 million, an increase of 0.71% year-on-year,” according to CTMA. Average export prices rose 15% to $6.41 year-on-year in May. The January through May average price was $5.80 per kilo, up 7% compared to the same period last year.
2021年5月，歐盟和美國(guó)并列成為中國(guó)最大的茶葉出口目的地，出口額約4500 萬(wàn)美元。Firsd Tea的賈森·沃克 (Jason Walker) 表示，5 月份中國(guó)茶葉占美國(guó)茶葉進(jìn)口總量的34%。沃克計(jì)算了5月份全球茶葉進(jìn)口均價(jià)為3.82美元，而中國(guó)茶葉的均價(jià)為每公斤4.38美元，“所有綠茶進(jìn)口量的33.6%來(lái)自中國(guó)，但進(jìn)口額中國(guó)茶葉占15.6%?！?/p>
The European Union and the US tied as top export destinations for Chinese tea at $45 million. Chinese tea accounted for 34% of total US tea imports in May, according to Jason Walker at Firsd Tea, a division of Zhejiang Tea Group, the world's largest green tea exporter. Walker calculated the average price of global tea imports at $3.82 in May vs. $4.38 per kilo average for Chinese tea, "33.6% of all green tea import (volume) was from China, but only 15.6% of value," writes Walker.
據(jù)《貿(mào)易財(cái)經(jīng)》報(bào)道，中國(guó)海關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，(至2021年5月)茶葉出口到中國(guó)香港(2700萬(wàn)美元)、日本(1400 萬(wàn)美元)和越南(1200 萬(wàn)美元)，此三個(gè)國(guó)家及地區(qū)排在前五名。
According to Trading Economics which reports China Customs data exports to Hong Kong ($27 million), Japan ($14 million), and Vietnam ($12 million) round out the top five trading partners.
來(lái)源：《茶世界》雜志、中國(guó)茶葉流通協(xié)會(huì)、北京茶世界
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